过去完成时

回忆：已经做某事(现在完成时:have/has+动词的过去分词)

过去某时刻之前 已经做某事(had + 动词的过去分词)

动词的过去分词变化规则(同过去式变化相同)：

  1. 一般情况下直接加ed，如jump-jumped

    • ed在清辅音后念[t],如watched /wɒtʃt/

    • ed在浊辅音或元音后念[d],如played /pleɪd/

    • ed在[t][d]音后念[Id],如wanted /ˈwɒn.tɪd/

  2. 以e结尾，直接加d。如live-lived

  3. 以"辅元辅"结尾，其中元音字母单独发音且处于重音时，双写尾音字母加ed，如stop(/stɒp/)-stopped

  4. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾，把y变成i加ed。如study-studied.

  5. 不规则变化。如eat-ate(过去式)-eaten(过去分词), leave -left

    • 不规则变化不等于说某一个单词的过去式等同于过去分词，如eat

警告

虽然动词的过去式和过去分词变化规则基本相同，但是它们的不规则变化是不同的。切记！！！

(在早餐之前)已经停止:had stopped
(在到校之前)已经吃: had eaten
(在天亮之前)已经离开：had left
(在看电视之前)已经读过书：had read the book
(在参加聚会之前)已经看过这场电影：had seen the film
(在见到老师之前)已经丢了作业：had lost the homework
  • Before I came(过去式) here,I had heard the news.在来这之前，我已经听过这个消息了。

    • After I had heard the news, I came here.在我已经听说这个消息之后，我来这儿了。

  • Before he ate dinner, He had drunk ten tottles of cola. 在吃晚饭之前，他已经喝了10瓶可乐了。

    • After he had drunk ten bottles of cola, he ate dinner.在他喝了10瓶可乐后，他吃了晚饭。

  • Before you met them last time,They had been to the moon.

  • 在你上次见他们之前，他们已经去过月球了。

  • We had lived here for three months by yeasterday.直到昨天，我们已经在这里住了三个月了。

    • 在完成时态中，by(直到)

句型转换

  • When he arrived at the station,the rain had left.当他到达车站的时候，车已经开了。
    • When he arrived at the station,the rain hadn't/had not left.

      • When he arrived at the station,Had the rain left?

      • Had the rain left when he arrived at the station?

        • Yes,it had.

        • No,it hadn't.

小技巧

如果要表达言外之意，请用过去完成时。 如果要陈述过去的事实，请用一般过去时。

Before I watched TV, I had finished my homework.在我看电视之前，我已经完成作业了。
Before I went to school, I ate breakfast. Before breakfast, I brushed my teeth and washed my face.在我到学校之前，我吃了早餐。在吃早餐之前，我刷了牙洗了脸。

小技巧

过去完成时一定是过去的过去； 过去的过去不一定是过去完成时；