现在完成时

已经做某事：have/has+动词的过去分词

动词的过去分词变化规则(同过去式变化相同)：

  1. 一般情况下直接加ed，如jump-jumped

    • ed在清辅音后念[t],如watched /wɒtʃt/

    • ed在浊辅音或元音后念[d],如played /pleɪd/

    • ed在[t][d]音后念[Id],如wanted /ˈwɒn.tɪd/

  2. 以e结尾，直接加d。如live-lived

  3. 以"辅元辅"结尾，其中元音字母单独发音且处于重音时，双写尾音字母加ed，如stop(/stɒp/)-stopped

  4. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾，把y变成i加ed。如study-studied.

  5. 不规则变化。如eat-ate(过去式)-eaten(过去分词), leave -left

    • 不规则变化不等于说某一个单词的过去式等同于过去分词，如eat

警告

虽然动词的过去式和过去分词变化规则基本相同，但是它们的不规则变化是不同的。切记！！！

  • have stopped已经停止

  • have eaten已经吃

  • have left已经离开

  • have read the book已经读过书

    • read(原形/过去式/过去分词)

  • have seen the film已经看过这场电影

  • have lost the homework已经丢了作业

  • I have heard the news.我已经听说这个消息了。

  • He has drunk ten bottles of cola.他已经喝了10瓶可乐了。

  • They have been to the moon.他们已经去过月球了。

    • have/has been to已经去过

  • The teacher has gone to the toilet.老师已经去了厕所了。

    • have/has gone to已经去了

  • We have lived here for three months .我们已经在这里住三个月了。

    • 持续时间用for引导时间段

  • 电影已经开始10分钟了。

    • The film has begun for 10 minutes.X(begin是瞬时动作)

    • The film has been on for 10 minutes.电影已经 上映 10分钟了。

  • 她从上个月就已经借了那本书了。

    • She has borrowed that book since last month.X(借是瞬时动作)

    • She has kept that book since last month.

  • Wang Gangdan has been a girl since 1873.王钢蛋 自从 1873年就是女孩了。

    • since+这段时间起始点 = for + 时间段,两者均表示持续一段时间。

  • It has been three years since he left.

    • since 一般配合 have/has + 动词的过去分词,表示已经做某事

    • It is three years since he left.(唯一例外，可以理解为这要表达的是一个事实,一般现在时)

小技巧

since...: 自从...已经多长时间了。 这个句式既可以用现在完成时，也可以用一般现在时。

备注

have/has been to已经去过 have/has gone to已经去了

句型变化

  • Douya has (already) finished his homework.豆芽已经完成作业了。

    • already可有可无

    • Douya hasn't/have not finished his homework yet.豆芽还没有完成作业。 - already常用肯定句； - yet常用与否定和疑问，通常放句尾；

    • Has Douya finished his homework yet? - Yes,he has. - No,he hasn't.

现在完成时的内涵"已经"

  • Let's go to the toilet.去厕所吧。

    • I have already had dinner.我已经吃过晚饭了。

  • Do your homework.做作业去。

    • I have lost my hands.我的手已经丢了。

  • I have heard the news.我已经听过这个消息了。

  • He has drunk ten bottles of cola.他已经喝了10瓶可乐。

  • They have been to the moon.他们已经去过月亮了。

  • The teacher has gone to the toilet.老师已经去厕所了。

  • We have lived here for three months.我们已经住这里三个月了。

  • Wang Gangdan has been a girl since 1873.王刚蛋从1873年就是一个女孩了。

  • It has been three years since he left.自从他离开已经三年了。

  • The film has been on for 10 minutes.电影已经上映10分钟了。

  • She has kept that book since last moth.她已经借了那本书一个月了。

小技巧

现在完成时的本质含义：有话不直说，让别人体会言外之意。